Mechanical Properties of matter: State, analyse and apply principles of atomic combinations: molecular structure

Unit 5: Polar and non-polar substances

Emma Harrage

Unit outcomes

By the end of this unit you will be able to:

  • Identify polar and non-polar substances.

What you should know

Before you start this unit, make sure you can:

Introduction

In this unit you will learn about polar and non-polar substances. A polar substance is one which contains molecules that have oppositely charged sides. This arises when the covalent bonds are polar because electrons are not equally shared, and the shape of the molecule is asymmetrical. Non-polar substances have molecules that do not have oppositely charged sides because the covalent bonds are pure (electrons are shared equally) or they have polar bonds, but the molecular shape is symmetrical. Ionically bonded substances are also considered to be polar and there are separate ions with opposite charges.

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